GPS AND GPRS BASED TELEMONITORING SYSTEM FOR EMERGENCY PATIENT TRANSPORTATION

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GPS AND GPRS BASED TELEMONITORING SYSTEM FOR EMERGENCY PATIENT TRANSPORTATION

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Telemonitoring during the golden hour of patient transportation helps to improve medical care. Presently there are different physiological data acquisition and transmission systems using cellular network and radio communication links. Location monitoring systems and video transmission systems are also commercially available. The emergency patient transportation systems uniquely require transmission of data pertaining to the patient, vehicle, time of the call, physiological signals (like ECG, blood pressure, a body temperature, and blood oxygen saturation), location information, a snap shot of the patient, and voice. ese requirements are presently met by using separate communication systems for voice, physiological data, and location that result in a lot of inconvenience to the technicians, maintenance related issues, in addition to being expensive.

Immediate medical attention to critically ill patients and accident victims followed by transportation to a well-equipped medical facility within the golden hour saves many lives. Numbers of road accidents in Nigeria are the highest across the world

Hence there is a need for communication between the staff of the ambulance and the central monitoring station. The doctor needs to understand the physical and physiological condition of the patient so that the right decision regarding administration of drugs and transport destination can be appropriately taken.

A Telemonitoring system combines innovation technology with in-home, self-monitoring assistances to collate real time updates regarding your loved ones vital signs. The self-monitoring test result are captured and transmitted to a central database that stores the information that can be accessed remotely by the patient, family and their healthcare team. Actions and modifications can be made with the results and can be utilized for on-going care recommendations.

Telemonitoring is a medical practice that involves remotely monitoring patients who are not at the same location as the health care provider. In general, a patient will have a number of monitoring devices at home and the result of these devices will be transmitted via a telephone to the health care provider.

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a data transfer specification used by the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) networks. The GPRS system makes use of the entire coverage area and frequency of its host networks to transmit data packets. Data packets are segments of data sent between computers or network devices. The GPRS system provide subscribers uninterrupted data connection instead of a dial-up connection which could experience occasional glitches. Global Positioning System (GPS) is a navigation system for portable devices. It uses a network of satellites surrounding the planet. A compactible device such as a smartphone or a dedicated navigation device has a built-in receiver chip that picks up regular signals from the satellites. Each signal is time-coded so the device can calculate how far away it is from the satellite based on the time the signal takes to arrive. By combining the distances from at least four satellites, the device can calculate its position to within a few feet. It can also cross-reference this with map data to provide navigation such as driving directions. Emergency patient Transportation is handled with an ambulance which is a vehicle for transportation of sick or injured people to, from or between places of treatment for an illness or injury especially in emergency and in some instance will provide out-of-hospital medical care to the patient.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The number of road accidents victims in every busy city can be unimaginable. Immediate medical attention to critically ill patients and accident victims followed by transportation to a well equipped local facility within the golden hour can save many lives. Ambulances are specifically designed to carry emergency drugs and instruments. The inner area of an ambulance is fabricated in such a way that it houses emergency medicine, sterilizer, stretcher and so forth. The personnel inside the ambulances are specially trained to be emergency technicians. There exist a need to augment the skill of such paramedics with the Central Monitoring Station(CNS). The CNS helps in identifying the nearest and appropriate hospital and coordinating with the medical personnel of the hospital.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1. One objective of this project work is to design and implement a system that cater the specific requirement of acquiring physiological data, keyed-in data, patient snapshot, and voice signals and transmitting them using a cellular network to a Central Monitoring Station that helps in identifying the nearest and appropriate hospital and coordinating with the medical personnel of that hospital. Placing the system in an equipped ambulance that can take vital signs, assess oxygen saturation, monitor blood pressure etc. that will reduce the risk of death involved in Emergency Patient transportation.

2. Another objective of this work is to design a data transfer and navigation system into a telemonitoring system for the purpose of facilitating information passage between the operators of the telemonitoring system and ambulance drivers.

1.4 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

To design and implement a system that cater for the specific requirement of acquiring physiological data, keyed-in data, patient snapshot, and voice signals.
Placing the system in an equipped ambulance that can take vital signs, assess oxygen saturation, monitor blood pressure etc. that will reduce the risk of death involved in Emergency Patient transportation.
Transmitting the data using a cellular network to a Central Monitoring Station that helps in coordinating with the medical personnel of the hospital.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Implementation of a Global Positioning System and General Packet Radio Services- based Telemonitoring System for emergence patient transportation will be of immense benefit to hospital. The system will assist hospitals achieve the following:

1. Improve the communication between the paramedics and staff at the central monitoring station.

2. To help the doctors in knowing the physical and physiological condition of the patient better as to prepare and take the right decisions regarding administration of drugs and possible treatments before the patients get to the hospital.

3. Administrative requirements including the location of the vehicle, and the patient’s history details can easily be retrieved for efficient medical services

1.6 Scope of the study

This study is performed within federal medical centre Umuahia

Limitation of the study

Time frame for the research, accept to relevant data, uncooperating respondents are some factors encountered.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Ambulance: A vehicle equipped for taking sick or injured people to and

from hospital, especially in emergencies.

CMS: This is an acronym for Central Monitoring Station. A centralized medical monitoring platform designed to efficiently and effectively manage information on multiple patients.

Demux: (Demultiplex). The reverse of multiplex process, combining multiple unrelated analog or digital signal streams intone signal over a single shared medium, such as a single conductor of copper wire or fiber optic cable

ECG An electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG); a test that checks for problems with the electrical activity of your heart, showing the heart’s electrical activity as line tracings on paper.

GPRS: This is an acronym for Global Packet Radio System. It is a packet oriented mobile data service on the 2G and 3G cellular communication system. A global system for mobile communication.

GPS: This is an acronym for Global Positioning System. It is a satellite-based radionavigation system owned by the united States government and it is a modern tracking system.

Graphics: These are graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data.

Maps: A diagrammatic representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features, cities roads etc.

Mux: (Multiplex). A method by which multiple analog or digital signals are combined into one signal over a shared medium.

IR sensors: An infrared sensor is an electronic instrument which is used

to sense certain characteristics of its surroundings by either emitting and/or detecting infrared radiation.

Navigation: The process or activity of navigating. A field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another

RFID: This is an acronym for Radio Frequency Identification. It is a generic term for non-contacting technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify people or objects.

RFID Reader: is a network connected device (fixed or mobile) with an

antenna that sends power as well as data and commands to the tags. The RFID reader acts like an access point for RFID tagged items so that the tags’ data can be made available to business applications.

Smartphone: A mobile phone which incorporates a palmtop computer or PDA

Virtual : Almost or nearly as described, not physically existing as such but made by software to appear to do so.

2-D: An electronic maps of the area that usually highlight the path to follow and the current position of the user.

3-D: This is a three dimensional computer graphics of an area

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