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EFFECT OF ROW SPACING AND WEED CONTROL ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SOYABEAN (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) IN THE NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA OF NIGERIA
Abstract:
Field trials were conducted in 1984 – 1988 wet seasons at Samaru in the northern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria to study the response of soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) sown at inter-row spacings of 45, 60, 75 and 90cm to various periods of weed interference and to determine how best to control weeds in soyabean using a recommended herbicide. Inter-row spacing of 45cm resulted in significantly lower weed cover score and cumulative weed weights than 75 and 90cm in all years, and had higher ground cover and taller plants than 75 and 90 cm inter-row spacing, however, the grain yields were not influenced by row spacing. In the weed interference study, initial weed infestation of soyabean for only 3 WAS did not have a significant effect on any of the crop growth parameters and soyabean grain yield provided the weeds were subsequently removed. However weed infestation beyond 6 WAS significantly depressed crop vigour score, plant height, number of branches per plant as well as number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, 1000-grain weight and grain yield compared with the crop kept weed – free throughout its life cycle. To obtain soyabean grain yield comparable to that obtained in the plot kept weed – free till harvest it was necessary to keep the crop weed-free for the initial period of 6 WAS and later. In the weed control trials the use of herbicides and hoeweeding always resulted in significantly lower weed cover score and weed dry matter production compared with the weedy check. In addition supplementary hoe-weeding significantly reduced weed cover score, weed dry weight at harvest and cumulative weed dry weight than the weedy check but comparable to the hoe-weeded control in all years except in 1984. Each herbicide rate supplemented with one hoe-weeding resulted in lower weed score and weed dry weight than its corresponding rate not supplemented with a hoe-weeding but comparable to the hoe-weeded control. Except in 1984, when Galex at 1.5kg a.i/ha gave higher weed dry weight at harvest than Galex at 3.0kg a.i/ha, there were no significant differences in weed dry weight at harvest between both rates of the herbicide. Soyabean in the herbicide treated plots gave higher vigour scores, percent ground cover, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and 1000 grain weight than the unweeded check. The hoe-weeded control was comparable to the best herbicide treatment in these parameters. Galex at 3.0kg a.i/ha followed by SHW gave the highest grain yield but was comparable to the hoe-weeded control and Galex at 1.5kg a.i/ha followed by SHW. In this study, uncontrolled weed growth throughout the crop life cycle resulted in 55.0 to 73.0% reduction of soyabean grain yield compared with the maximum obtained in the trial soyabean grain yield was positively correlated with soyabean stand count, plant height, ground cover, number of branches per plant, pods per plant, grains per pod and 1000- grain weight and negatively correlated with weed dry weight. In the path analysis and the percentage contribution study number of pods per plant made the highest individual contribution to grain yield followed by 1000-grain weight.
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