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EFFECT OF PLANTING PATTERN AND FERTILIZER RATES ON ONION (ALLIUM CERA L.) AND PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUML.) MIXED CROP
ABSTRACT
Field experiments were conducted during 1996/97 and 1997/98 dry seasons at the Irrigation Research farm of the Institute for Agricultural, Samaru (11 1 l’N, 7° 381 E 686m) to study the effect of different rates of fertilizer (NPK) and planting pattern on the performance of onion/pepper mixtures. The treatments consisted of four rates of NPK – 20:10:10 compound fertilizer: (0, 250, 500 and 750 kg/ha) and six planting patterns (Sole pepper, Sole onion, 1:1 alternate onion and pepper stands, 1:2 alternate pepper and onion stands, 1:1 alternate rows onion/pepper and 1:2 alternate rows onion/pepper). These were arranged in factorial combinations and replicated three limes in a randomized complete block design. Planting pattern significantly influenced total yield of onion on one hand, with 1:2 alternate row giving the highest yield: also the number of leaves/plant, fresh weight of fruits and total yield of Pepper. Fertilizer application of up to 500kg/ha significantly increased plant height, leaf number, bulb diameter marketable bulb yield and total yield of onion as well as fruit length leaf number, plant height and total fruit yield of pepper. The higher rate of 750kg/ha NPK significantly depressed plant height, reduced fruit diameter, fresh weight and total yields of both crops. The 1:2 alternate row planting pattern gave the highest land equivalent ratio (LER) amongst the patterns considered. A significant positive correlation was observed between yield of onion and bulb fresh weight, bulb diameter, number of leaves/plant and plant height, and between the yield pepper and number of leaves, plant height, fruit diameter and fresh weight of fruits; while a significantly negative correlation was observed between days to flowering and yield of pepper
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