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RELATIVE RESISTANCE OF STORED SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR (L) MOENCH) VARIETIES TO THE RICE WEEVIL, SITOPHILUS ORYZAE (L) (COLEOPTERA.CURCULDAE)
ABSTRACT
Laboratory studies were carried out to evaluation 36 sorghum varieties maintained at the Institute for Agricultural Research (I.A.R.) Samaru and ICRISAT Kano, for their relative res, istance to the rice weevil, Sitoplilus oryzae (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The criteria used for the evaluation of the sorghum varieties to postharvest infestation and damage included Fl progeny emergence, median developmental period (in days), index of susceptibility, percentage damage to grains and poercentage weight loss. The effect of physical characters like grain and biochemical compositions of the grains on the relative resistance of the sorghum varieties to S.oryzae were also investigated. The grains of the sorghum varieties BES, ICSH89009NG, ICSV247, – ICSVII, and ICSV1079BF supported fewer Fl progeny emergence, had longer median developmental periods, lower index of susceptibility, suffered less damage and weight loss than grains of varieties Singe-2, SK5912, ICSV902NG, KSV8, 18495 and ICSV210. The former group of sorghum varieties showed a higher degree of resistance than the latter group. Singnificant positive correlations were obtained between Fl progeny emergence and index of susceptibility as well as with percentage damage and weight loss, but all these parameters showed a negative correlation with median developmental period of S.oryzae. Biochemical analysis showed that carbohydrate, protein, lipid, ash, fibre, tanning and phytic acid content of the sorghum grains had a non-significant negative correlation with the index of susceptibility. Physical charateristics of the different sorghum grains were investigated for their effect on the behavour including seed-coat colour, seed-coat texture, and seed size. The grain hardness of the various sorghum grains was also determined. The results showed that even though there was preference for certain grain characters (white and red seed coats, warty and rough textured seeds and large-seeded grains) under choice conditoons, no such preference show significant preference for the various grain characteristics. Grain hardness had significant negative correlation with Fl progeny emergence, index of susceptibility, percentage damage and percentage weight loss, but significant positive correlation with median developmental period. There was negative and non-significant correlations between grain hard less and biochemical composition. Grain hardness appeared to be the major factor responsible for resistance of sorghum grains to S.oryzae. This is evident by the fact that those sorghum varieties that supported fewer S.oryzae emerging from them were simply fragamented on grinding while those with more S.oryzae emerging form them were finely crushed on grinding.
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