IMPACT OF ROADS, WATER AND ELECTRICITY ON THE GROWTH OF SMALL CENTER.

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IMPACT OF ROADS, WATER AND ELECTRICITY ON THE GROWTH OF SMALL CENTER.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Urban centres which have degenerated from centres of excellence to centres of squalor which are further characterized by inadequate social services, deplorable living conditions, high risk of disease outbreak, deprived land use planning, exposure to violence and other social vices.

Studies have shown that there has been an annual incremental formation of slums in Nigerian cities [1,2] Rivers State plays a major role because of its strategic economic importance to the country as the hydrocarbon hub and a centre of attraction for all and sundry. Slums formation in Nigeria are wrought with hasty urbanization, poverty, substandard urban housing stock, near non-existence of enforcement of urban development guidelines by city management authorities, lack of proper housing stock and maintenance. [3] asserts that slums have been theorized as collection of structures or an area encumbered by overcrowding, deterioration, unhygienic surroundings, absence of basic and essential facilities like potable water, standard educational and health facilities, drainage system, leisure centres, post office, markets and the like.

However, one sure way of coming out of this quagmire biased on town planning orientation is the application of the appropriate development control tools by the relevant authorities, especially the local planning authorities. These planning authorities when established will be saddled with the responsibility of enhancing the quality of the environment, improve the conditions of the housing stock, encourage ordered development and improve liveability within the cityscape. Notwithstanding the strategic importance of the application of these development control measures in the balancing of the physical environment, there exist other factors encumbering the effectiveness of this notion and thus made the entire process a mirage and a mismatch to the capacity of development control process to city growth management.

The growth and development of small centers, particularly in developing countries, are heavily influenced by the availability and quality of infrastructure. Among the various types of infrastructure, roads, water, and electricity play pivotal roles. These elements are fundamental to economic activities, social well-being, and overall community development. Good roads facilitate the efficient movement of goods and people, access to markets, and connection to larger urban areas. Reliable water supply ensures the health and productivity of the population, while consistent electricity provision supports business operations, education, and healthcare services.

In many developing regions, small centers often grapple with inadequate infrastructure, which hampers their growth potential. The lack of well-maintained roads can lead to high transportation costs and limited market access, discouraging investment and hindering economic activities. Inadequate water supply can result in health issues and reduce the quality of life, making these areas less attractive for settlement and business. Insufficient and unreliable electricity supply can disrupt business operations, increase production costs, and limit access to modern technologies, further stifling economic growth.

In Nigeria, small centers are crucial for regional development as they act as intermediaries between rural areas and larger urban centers. Kaduna State, located in the northern part of Nigeria, provides a relevant context for examining the impact of infrastructure on the growth of small centers. Many small centers in Kaduna face significant infrastructure challenges, affecting their economic viability and quality of life. Understanding the specific impacts of roads, water, and electricity on these small centers can inform targeted policies and interventions to foster sustainable development.

Despite the recognized importance of infrastructure in promoting the growth of small centers, many such areas in Kaduna State and similar regions remain underdeveloped due to inadequate infrastructure. Poor road conditions limit access to markets and services, unreliable water supply affects health and productivity, and inconsistent electricity provision disrupts economic activities. These infrastructure deficiencies collectively impede the growth and development of small centers, perpetuating cycles of poverty and underdevelopment.

The problem addressed in this study is the need to understand how roads, water, and electricity impact the growth of small centers in Kaduna State. By examining these relationships, the study aims to identify specific infrastructure-related challenges and propose actionable solutions to promote sustainable growth and development in these areas.

Statement of the problem

There may have been previous researches in this subject. This work gives further explanations and analysis in impact of roads, water and electricity on the growth of small urban centers

Objectives of the study

To understand the impact of roads, water and electricity on the growth of small urban centers

To understand the relationship between roads, water and electricity and the growth of small urban centers

Research questions

What is the impact of roads, water and electricity on the growth of small urban centers

What is the relationship between roads, water and electricity and the growth of small urban centers

Research hypothesis

H0: There is no relationship between roads, water and electricity and the growth of small urban centers

H1: There is a relationship between roads, water and electricity and the growth of small urban centers

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