ROLE OF BVAS IN THE CONDUCT OF TRANSPARENT, CREDIBLE, RELIABLE AND ACCEPTABLE ELECTIONS IN NIGERIA

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ROLE OF BVAS IN THE CONDUCT OF TRANSPARENT, CREDIBLE, RELIABLE AND ACCEPTABLE ELECTIONS IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER OBE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The main characteristic of an election is, it must be free, fair, transparent and credible. For a democracy to be considered stable and strengthened it must have the aforementioned characteristics. At the dawn of the fourth republic in 1999, elections were manually conducted in Nigeria. The manual election process was marred with corruption, vote manipulation, ballot box snatching, under-age voting and election violence.

According to Ikelebe (2016), due to the poor electoral system the aftermath elections are always characterised by crisis and litigations in election tribunals and courts (LeVan & Ukata, 2012). There is hardly any election in Nigeria where there is no complaint of election violence and malpractices (Agena, 2007). Weak electoral process always gives room for crises and the aftermath effect is weak democracy, unstable political system and illegitimate government. Thus the people’s confidence, trust and interest in participating in the choice of who they vote for and entrust their power to carry on with legitimate authority to govern them is basically eroded. The consequence of manual electoral process does not only create room for desperate politicians and corrupt election officials to manipulate election results but also create room for the installation incompetent and mediocre leaders and illegitimate government. In most nascent African democracies the failure of the election management bodies (EMB) to conduct free, fair and credible election has not only led to low voters turn out, voters apathy, loss of people’s confidence in democratic process but also mistrust towards EMB’s capacity to conduct credible free elections.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

To assuage the fear of the electorate and give elections credibility the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) has since 2011 started with introduction of information technology into the election process, the introduction of Electronic Voters Register (EVR), Automatic Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) and Smart Card Reader (SCR). The passage of electoral bill into law in 2022 did not only solidify INEC legally but also empowered INEC’s usage of electronic voting (BVAS) in the conduct of elections in Nigeria. As the 2023 elections drew closer the demand for the use of electronic voting (E-Voting) heightened from the general public, civil societies, media and international community. Thus the passage of the 2022 electoral bill into law by the President Mohammed Buhari government gave INEC the legal and constitutional backing to use of Bimodal Voters Accreditation System (BVAS) and INEC Result Viewing Portal (IREV) in electoral process. It is believed by the stakeholders that BVAS can reduce the excessive electoral fraud, promote credible elections and reduce voter’s apathy and promote voters participation.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. An Assessment of acceptance and perception of electronic voting (BVAS) in 2023 general

elections in Nigeria

2. Prospects and Challenges of BVAS in the 2023 Elections

3. Recommendations to improve on the BVAS

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1. What is acceptance and perception of electronic voting (BVAS) in 2023 general

elections in Nigeria

2. What are Prospects and Challenges of BVAS in the 2023 Elections

3. What are Recommendations to improve on the BVAS

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

H0: There is no relationship between the use of bvas and conduct of transparent and credible elections in Nigeria