PHYTOCHEMICAL AND VITAMIN C AND VITAMIN A ANALYSIS OF SELECTED WILD FRUITS SOLD IN NIGERIA

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PHYTOCHEMICAL AND VITAMIN C AND VITAMIN A ANALYSIS OF SELECTED WILD FRUITS SOLD IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

Fruits provide people with a range of compounds, many of which have more than one role, being involved both with immediate good health and with protection against disease that can develop over a long period of time, such as cancer, heart conditions, stroke, hypertention, birth defects, cataracts and diabetes.(Tenny and Barrett, 1997). Fruits are generally acceptable as good sources of nutrient and supplement for food in a world faced with scarcity .They are known to be excellent source of nutrients such as minerals and vitamins (Nhar et al., 1990)

The high incidence of malnutrition, especially in children has been seen as the core cause of major forms of anemia in children and pregnant /nursing mothers (that is nutritional deficiency and haemolytic anemia) (Trumb and Yates, 2001). Pamploma-Rogres (2004) stated that Fruits have been linked to the management of anemia because of they are rich in vitamins and minerals. Some of these vitamins are not directly involved in red blood cell production but they promote the absorption of other important minerals, example ascorbic acid promotes the absorption of iron from the small intestine.

In Kebbi State, most staple foods are consumed without vegetables especially during the dry season. There are many wild vegetables and fruits wasting in forest. Uzo (1989) reported that such vegetables as Geotum Africana (“Okazi”), Pterocarpas milbreadi (“ora”), Pterocarp sp (“Uturukpa”) grow wild. There are many fruits and tender leaves of the wild vegetables that are readily available in the forest and farmlands during the dry season.

They could be utilized to provide protein and micronutrient needs of the populace. In Ayamelum local government area of Kebbi State, many leafy vegetables and fruits are grown wildly and there has been little or no work on their nutrient composition. Documentation of the nutrient potentials of these wild fresh Fruits would be valuable in the food-based approach to eliminating micronutrient deficiencies.

1.2 Statement of the problem

There are many wild Fruits in Ayamelum local government area of

Kebbi State which were popular in the past but are no longer popular in the present time. The Fruits are not owned by a particular individual, they could be collected freely and consumed by the populace to increase nutrient intake. Some of the wild vegetables are available during dry season when many domestic Fruits are scare and very expensive. Thus, they could fill the gap experienced in vegetable consumption in rural community during dry season. Despite the abundance of these fruits and vegetables, there is still problem of micronutrient deficiency in Nigeria. There is need to identify and evaluate the nutrient, antinutrients and food toxicant levels of some of the wild vegetables and fruits. The Fruits could be integrated in the food-based approach for fighting

micronutrient deficiency in Nigeria.

1.3 Objectives of the study

The general objective of the study is to determine the nutrient, antinutrients and toxicant levels of lesser-known wild Fruits consumed in Ayamelum local government area. The specific objectives were to,

identify some wild Fruits consumed in Ayamelum local

government area;

determine the proximate, minerals and vitamins levels of the wild Fruits identified; and.
determine the antinutrients and food toxicant (phytate, oxalate, tannins and saponins) levels of the wild Fruits identified.

1.4 Significance of the study

The study will directly benefit the inhabitants of Ayamelum local government. This is because Fruits to be identified and analyzed are already available in their locality. They could be sensitized to the availability of the Fruits for integration in their dietary plan. The study will provide base-line information on the nutrient and antinutrient composition of the wild Fruits found in Ayamelum local government area. The information will be of use to Dieticians, Nutritionists and Home Economic Extension Staff in their nutrition Education programme to popularize the fruits and vegetables. The study will assist help in the estimation of dietary requirement of the fruits and vegetables. The accurate information on the nutrient and antinutrients composition of these Fruits will also help to integrate them in the food based approach for fighting

micronutrients deficiency.

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