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EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF STONE GRIT ON THE UTILIZATION OF RICE OFFAL BASED DIETS BY BROILER CHICKENS
ABSTRACT
The research was carried out in two phases/stages to evaluate the effect of graded levels of stone grit with or without enzyme supplementation on the utilization of rice offal based diets by broiler chickens. In the first phase, three hundred and sixty day old broiler chicks and two hundred and seventy finishing broiler birds were used at the starter and finisher phases. The birds were reared on deep litter, in an open sided wire mesh screened poultry house and fed on experimental diets containing rice offal at 10% and 15% inclusion levels for the starter and finisher phases respectively. Stone grit was added to this ration at graded levels of 0.0g, 2.0g, 4.0g, 6.0g, 8.0g and 10.0 grams per bird per month. Each treatment was replicated three times with 20 birds per replicate at the starter phase and 15 birds per replicate at the finisher phase in a completely randomized design. Stone grit significantly improved (P<0.05) final body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and feed cost per kg gain thus indicating improvement in feed utilization. Total protein (TP) improved with grit addition while packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin level (Hb) were not significantly affected (P>0.05). Crude protein, Crude fibre and Nitrogen Free Extract significantly (P<0.05) improved with increasing grit levels. Similarly, breast, back, thigh, shank, gizzard and dressing percentage improved with grit levels. It was concluded that stone grit significantly (P<0.05) reduced feed wastage by improving feed utilization as feed intake significantly (P<0.05) decreased with increasing levels of stone grit while weight gain, feed to gain ratio, feed cost per kg gain, haematological parameters and nutrient retention improved across the graded levels of stone grit. In the second phase, three hundred and twenty four day old broiler chicks and two hundred and seventy finishing broiler birds were used at the starter and finisher phases respectively. They were fed an experimental diet that contained rice offal at 10% and 15% inclusion levels at both starter and finisher phases – 7 – respectively however an Enzyme (maxigrain) was added to the diet at 0.01% across all dietary treatments. Stone grit was also added to this ration at 0.0g, 2.0g, 4.0g, 6.0g, 8.0g and 10.0 grams per bird per month thus making a total of six treatments. Each treatment was replicated three times with 18 birds per replicate at the starter phase and 15 birds per replicate at the finisher phase in a completely randomized design. Final body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and feed cost per kg gain improved (P<0.05) with increasing grit levels. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed for PVC, Hb and TP across the graded levels of stone grit. Live weight, dressed weight, dressing percentage, back, thigh, wing and gizzard measurements significantly (P<0.05) increased with graded levels of stone grit. Crude protein, Ether Extract and dry matter significantly (P<0.05) improved with increasing grit levels. Birds fed diets containing stone grit and enzyme supplementation (phase two) showed a higher final weight compared to birds fed diets containing stone grit alone (phase one) hence the conclusion that feeding stone grit with enzyme supplementation is encouraged to enhance higher final weight.
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