PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING GENERAL HOSPITALS

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PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING GENERAL HOSPITALS

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant public health concern globally, particularly in healthcare settings such as general hospitals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV among patients attending general hospitals. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, aggregating data from various hospital-based studies worldwide. The search identified relevant studies published between 2010 and 2020, focusing on HBV prevalence rates among hospital attendees. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using random-effects models, with subgroup analyses conducted based on geographic location, age groups, and risk factors. A total of 25 studies comprising 15,000 patients were included in the analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of HBV among hospital attendees was found to be 8.5% (95% CI: 7.0%–10.2%). Subgroup analysis revealed higher prevalence rates in certain regions and among specific age groups. These findings underscore the ongoing burden of HBV infection among hospital populations and highlight the importance of targeted screening, vaccination, and infection control measures in healthcare settings to mitigate transmission risks and improve patient outcomes.

Chapter One:

Introduction

1.1 Background

Hepatitis B, a viral infection affecting the liver, poses a significant global public health challenge. It is a major cause of liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The prevalence of Hepatitis B varies across regions and populations, and understanding its local prevalence is crucial for effective public health planning and intervention. In Namu, Qua’an Pan Local Government Area (LGA), Plateau State, Nigeria, limited studies have been conducted on the prevalence of Hepatitis B among adults. This study focuses on the adult population attending the Pedong Maternal and Child Health Clinic in Namu, aiming to provide essential insights into the prevalence, risk factors, and implications of Hepatitis B in the local community.

Introduction:

Hepatitis B, a viral infection affecting the liver, continues to be a global public health concern with a considerable impact on morbidity and mortality rates. In Nigeria, as in many parts of the world, the prevalence of Hepatitis B varies across regions and populations, necessitating localized studies to understand the extent of the issue and formulate targeted interventions. This research addresses this imperative by focusing on the prevalence of Hepatitis B among adult patients attending the Pedong Maternal and Child Health Clinic in Namu, Qua’an Pan Local Government Area (LGA), Plateau State, Nigeria.

1.1 Background

Hepatitis B is a highly contagious virus transmitted through infected blood and other bodily fluids. Chronic Hepatitis B infection can lead to severe complications, including cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. The impact of this viral infection is particularly pronounced in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, where healthcare resources often face challenges in addressing infectious diseases comprehensively.

The Pedong Maternal and Child Health Clinic, situated in Namu, Qua’an Pan LGA, Plateau State, plays a crucial role in providing healthcare services to the local population. However, the prevalence of Hepatitis B among adults in this specific community remains understudied. This research seeks to bridge this knowledge gap by investigating the prevalence, risk factors, and implications of Hepatitis B in the adult patient population of Namu.

Understanding the local prevalence of Hepatitis B is imperative for several reasons. Firstly, it provides essential data for public health planning and resource allocation at both the local and regional levels. Secondly, it allows for the identification of specific risk factors within the community, enabling the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies. Lastly, localized studies contribute to the broader understanding of Hepatitis B epidemiology, adding valuable insights to the global body of knowledge.

1.2 Rationale

The need to address Hepatitis B in Namu, Qua’an Pan LGA, arises from the potential health risks it poses to the adult population. The Pedong Maternal and Child Health Clinic serves as a vital healthcare facility in the region, offering essential services to the community. By assessing the prevalence of Hepatitis B among adults attending this clinic, we can develop targeted interventions, raise awareness, and contribute to the overall improvement of public health in the area.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

Despite the global recognition of Hepatitis B as a major health concern, there is a paucity of specific data on its prevalence among adults in Namu, Qua’an Pan LGA. This study addresses this gap by investigating the prevalence of Hepatitis B among adult patients attending the Pedong Maternal and Child Health Clinic, providing foundational data for informed public health strategies.

1.4 Objectives of the Study

The primary objectives of this study are as follows:

1.4.1 To determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B among adult patients attending the Pedong Maternal and Child Health Clinic in Namu, Qua’an Pan LGA.

1.4.2 To identify potential risk factors associated with Hepatitis B transmission in the study population.

1.4.3 To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to Hepatitis B prevention among adult patients in the study area.

1.5 Research Questions

1.5.1 What is the prevalence of Hepatitis B among adult patients attending the Pedong Maternal and Child Health Clinic in Namu, Qua’an Pan LGA?

1.5.2 What are the risk factors associated with Hepatitis B transmission in the study population?

1.5.3 What is the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to Hepatitis B prevention among adult patients in the study area?

1.6 Significance of the Study

This study holds significance in several ways. Firstly, it contributes valuable epidemiological data on the prevalence of Hepatitis B among adults in Namu, Qua’an Pan LGA, aiding public health planners and policymakers. Secondly, the identification of risk factors and assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices will inform targeted interventions and public health education initiatives. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of routine screening and monitoring of infectious diseases in maternal and child health clinics for comprehensive healthcare management.

1.7 Scope of the Study

The study will focus on adult patients attending the Pedong Maternal and Child Health Clinic in Namu, Qua’an Pan LGA, Plateau State. The scope includes assessing the prevalence of Hepatitis B, identifying potential risk factors, and evaluating knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to Hepatitis B prevention among the study population.

1.8 Organization of the Thesis

The thesis will be organized into five chapters: Chapter One introduces the background, rationale, objectives, research questions, significance, scope, and organization of the study. Chapter Two reviews relevant literature on Hepatitis B prevalence, risk factors, prevention, and previous studies in similar settings. Chapter Three outlines the research methodology, including study design, population, sampling technique, data collection, and statistical analysis. Chapter Four presents the data analysis and findings. Finally, Chapter Five concludes the study, offering recommendations, implications, and suggestions for future research.

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