The Role of Orphanage Living on Child Personality and the Relationship Between Violent Media Consumption and Aggression among In-School Adolescents

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The Role of Orphanage Living on Child Personality and the Relationship Between Violent Media Consumption and Aggression among In-School Adolescents

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of orphanage home background on child personality and examined how exposure to violent video games and media content relates to aggressive behaviour among in-school adolescents. The research was motivated by growing concerns about rising youth aggression and the role of environmental and media factors in shaping adolescent behaviour. A descriptive correlational research design was adopted. The population comprised in-school adolescents drawn from selected secondary schools, including those residing in orphanage homes and those living with parents or guardians. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires measuring personality traits, media exposure patterns, and levels of aggressive behaviour. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses were used to test the relationships among variables.

Findings revealed that adolescents from orphanage homes exhibited significantly different personality characteristics compared to their counterparts from family homes, particularly in areas related to emotional regulation and social interaction. The study also found a positive and significant relationship between exposure to violent video games/media content and aggressive behaviour among in-school adolescents. Furthermore, orphanage background was found to moderate the influence of violent media exposure on aggression, with adolescents from orphanage homes showing higher vulnerability to aggressive tendencies when heavily exposed to violent content.

The study concludes that both home environment and media consumption patterns play crucial roles in shaping adolescent personality and behaviour. It recommends the implementation of structured psychosocial support programmes in orphanage homes, media literacy education in schools, and parental/guardian monitoring of adolescents’ media use. These measures are essential for reducing aggressive behaviour and promoting healthy personality development among adolescents.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Adolescence is a critical stage of human development characterized by rapid physical, emotional, and social changes. During this period, individuals are particularly sensitive to environmental influences that shape their personality, behavior, and worldview (Steinberg, 2014). One major concern in contemporary society is the rising incidence of aggressive behavior among in-school adolescents, which has been linked to multiple social and psychological factors, including family structure, media exposure, and peer influence.

In recent years, the number of children living in orphanage homes has increased due to poverty, conflict, disease, and family disintegration, especially in developing countries like Nigeria (UNICEF, 2021). Orphanage homes are expected to provide care, protection, and emotional support to vulnerable children. However, many studies suggest that institutional care environments may lack consistent emotional bonding, individualized attention, and stable role models, which are essential for healthy personality development (Bowlby, 1988; Rutter, 2006).

Personality development is strongly influenced by early social experiences. Adolescents raised in orphanage homes may experience attachment difficulties, low self-esteem, and emotional insecurity, which can increase the likelihood of behavioral problems, including aggression (Ainsworth, 1979; Moffitt, 2018). These challenges may be further intensified by exposure to violent video games and aggressive media content.

The media plays a powerful role in shaping adolescents’ attitudes and behavior. With the rapid expansion of digital technology, many adolescents are exposed to violent video games, movies, and online content on a daily basis. According to Anderson et al. (2017), repeated exposure to violent media can desensitize young people to aggression and normalize hostile responses to conflict situations. When adolescents already face emotional instability—such as those from orphanage homes—the influence of violent media may have a stronger impact on their behavior.

Aggressive behavior in school settings manifests through bullying, verbal hostility, physical confrontation, and defiance of authority. These behaviors disrupt learning, damage peer relationships, and pose risks to both victims and perpetrators (Olweus, 2013). Understanding how orphanage home background, personality development, and exposure to violent video games and media content interact to influence aggression among in-school adolescents is therefore crucial for educators, counselors, policymakers, and caregivers.

This study seeks to examine the influence of orphanage home background on child personality, and how violent video games and media content relate to aggressive behavior among in-school adolescents.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Aggressive behavior among in-school adolescents has become a major concern in educational institutions. Schools are increasingly faced with cases of bullying, fighting, disrespect for authority, and other disruptive behaviors that negatively affect teaching and learning processes.

Despite efforts by schools and caregivers to promote discipline and positive behavior, many adolescents—particularly those from orphanage homes—continue to display high levels of aggression. These adolescents often struggle with emotional regulation, trust, and social interaction, which may stem from early deprivation of stable parental care and attachment figures.

At the same time, adolescents are heavily exposed to violent video games and aggressive media content through smartphones, television, and the internet. Such exposure may reinforce hostile thinking patterns and reduce empathy toward others. When combined with personality vulnerabilities associated with institutional upbringing, the risk of aggressive behavior may increase.

However, there is limited empirical research in Nigeria that jointly examines orphanage home background, personality development, violent media exposure, and aggressive behavior among in-school adolescents. This gap in knowledge makes it difficult for schools and policymakers to design effective interventions. Hence, this study is necessary to address these issues.

1.3 Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of this study is to examine the influence of orphanage home background on child personality, and how violent video games and media content relate to aggressive behavior among in-school adolescents.

Specifically, the study seeks to:

Determine the influence of orphanage home background on adolescents’ personality development.

Examine the relationship between violent video game exposure and aggressive behavior.

Assess the influence of violent media content on aggressive behavior among adolescents.

Determine the combined effect of orphanage home background, personality traits, and media exposure on aggressive behavior.

1.4 Research Questions

The study will be guided by the following research questions:

What is the influence of orphanage home background on the personality development of in-school adolescents?

What relationship exists between exposure to violent video games and aggressive behavior among adolescents?

How does exposure to violent media content relate to aggressive behavior among in-school adolescents?

What is the combined influence of orphanage home background, personality traits, and violent media exposure on aggressive behavior?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

The following null hypotheses will be tested at 0.05 level of significance:

There is no significant influence of orphanage home background on adolescents’ personality development.

There is no significant relationship between violent video game exposure and aggressive behavior among in-school adolescents.

There is no significant relationship between violent media content and aggressive behavior among adolescents.

There is no significant combined influence of orphanage home background, personality traits, and media exposure on aggressive behavior.

1.6 Significance of the Study

The findings of this study will be beneficial to:

Educators and school administrators in identifying at-risk students and designing behavior-management strategies.

Guidance counselors and psychologists in providing targeted interventions for adolescents from orphanage homes.

Caregivers and orphanage administrators in improving emotional and social support systems.

Parents and guardians in monitoring adolescents’ media consumption.

Policymakers in formulating child protection and youth development policies.

Researchers and students as a reference for further studies.

1.7 Scope of the Study

This study focuses on in-school adolescents. It examines the influence of orphanage home background, personality traits, violent video games, and media content as correlates of aggressive behavior. The study is limited to selected secondary schools and orphanage homes within the study area.

1.8 Operational Definition of Terms

Orphanage Home: An institution that provides residential care for children who lack parental support.

Personality: The relatively stable patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize an individual.

Violent Video Games: Digital games that portray aggressive or harmful actions as part of gameplay.

Media Content: Information and entertainment delivered through television, internet, films, and social media.

Aggressive Behavior: Actions intended to harm or intimidate others physically, verbally, or emotionally.

In-School Adolescents: Students typically aged between early to late teens who are enrolled in secondary schools.

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