Pharmacy Technicians and Their Impact on Promoting Medical Adherence: Evidence from General Hospital Offa, Kwara State

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Pharmacy Technicians and Their Impact on Promoting Medical Adherence: Evidence from General Hospital Offa, Kwara State

CHAPTER ONE

1.1 Background to the Study

Medication adherence, defined as the degree to which patients correctly follow medical prescriptions, remains a critical challenge in healthcare delivery worldwide (Sabaté, 2003). Non-adherence contributes to poor treatment outcomes, disease progression, increased hospitalizations, and higher healthcare costs (Osterberg & Blaschke, 2005). Factors affecting adherence include patient knowledge, perception of treatment, complexity of drug regimen, and the quality of patient-provider interactions (Vrijens et al., 2012).

Pharmacy technicians, as integral members of the pharmacy workforce, play a supportive role in promoting adherence by assisting pharmacists in patient counselling, providing medication instructions, and following up on therapy outcomes (American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2020). Their contribution is particularly significant in resource-limited settings, where pharmacists may have high patient loads and limited time for detailed counselling (Adebayo et al., 2020).

In Nigeria, studies have highlighted the importance of pharmacy technicians in bridging the gap between healthcare providers and patients, particularly in secondary healthcare facilities like General Hospital Offa, Kwara State. By reinforcing instructions on drug intake, clarifying misconceptions, and providing follow-up reminders, pharmacy technicians can significantly enhance patients’ adherence to treatment regimens (Ogunleye & Afolabi, 2019). Despite this, there is limited research exploring their direct contribution to medication adherence in Nigerian hospital settings.

Understanding the role of pharmacy technicians in promoting adherence is essential, especially given the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and HIV/AIDS, where continuous medication intake is crucial for disease management and prevention of complications (World Health Organization, 2003).

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Despite advancements in healthcare, poor medication adherence remains a widespread issue, undermining treatment outcomes and patient health (Sabaté, 2003). At General Hospital Offa, cases of treatment failure and frequent hospital readmissions suggest potential gaps in adherence. While pharmacists provide counselling, the workload often limits their capacity to engage with every patient in depth. Consequently, pharmacy technicians often act as the first point of contact for patients, assisting in medication instruction and adherence support. However, the extent of their contribution and the challenges they face in enhancing adherence are underexplored in this hospital context, necessitating this study.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to assess the contribution of pharmacy technicians to enhancing medication adherence at General Hospital Offa, Kwara State.

The specific objectives are to:

Identify the strategies pharmacy technicians use to promote medication adherence.
Examine patients’ perceptions of pharmacy technicians’ role in medication adherence.
Assess the challenges faced by pharmacy technicians in supporting adherence.
Determine the relationship between pharmacy technician interventions and patients’ adherence levels.

1.4 Research Questions

This study will be guided by the following questions:

What strategies do pharmacy technicians employ to enhance medication adherence?
How do patients perceive the role of pharmacy technicians in supporting adherence?
What challenges do pharmacy technicians encounter in promoting adherence?
Is there a significant relationship between pharmacy technician interventions and patient adherence levels?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

The following null hypotheses will be tested at a 0.05 level of significance:

H01: There is no significant relationship between pharmacy technician interventions and patient medication adherence.

H02: Patients’ perceptions of pharmacy technicians do not significantly influence their adherence to medication.

1.6 Significance of the Study

The findings of this study will be valuable to:

Healthcare administrators: By informing policies on staffing, patient education programs, and resource allocation.
Pharmacists and pharmacy technicians: By highlighting effective strategies for promoting adherence and areas requiring professional development.
Patients: Through improved medication adherence and better health outcomes.
Policy makers and educators: To guide curriculum development and training for pharmacy technicians with a focus on patient-centred care.

1.7 Scope of the Study

This study is limited to General Hospital Offa, Kwara State, focusing on pharmacy technicians and their interactions with patients receiving medications. It examines the strategies, challenges, and perceived effectiveness of pharmacy technicians in promoting medication adherence among patients.

1.8 Operational Definition of Terms

Medication Adherence: The degree to which a patient follows prescribed medical instructions regarding drug therapy (Osterberg & Blaschke, 2005).
Pharmacy Technician: A trained healthcare worker who assists pharmacists in dispensing medications, patient counselling, and follow-up activities (American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2020).
Patient Perception: How patients interpret or understand interactions with healthcare providers, particularly in relation to medication guidance.
Intervention: Actions by pharmacy technicians aimed at improving patient understanding and adherence to prescribed medications.

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