ADOPTION AND ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF ABUJA

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ADOPTION AND ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF ABUJA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Rapid urbanization and population growth in Nigeria have significantly increased the volume and complexity of solid waste generated in major cities. Abuja, as the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), has experienced accelerated expansion due to migration, economic activities, and infrastructural development, which has intensified the challenges of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) (Ogundele, Omirin & Ayo, 2018).

Waste management involves the collection, transportation, processing, recycling, and disposal of waste materials in a manner that minimizes environmental and public health risks (Tchobanoglous & Kreith, 2019). Sustainable waste management, however, goes beyond disposal and emphasizes waste reduction, reuse, recycling, composting, and recovery of resources while ensuring environmental protection and social equity (UNEP, 2021).

In Abuja, despite the efforts of the Abuja Environmental Protection Board (AEPB) and private waste contractors, waste generation continues to outpace management capacity. Many districts still rely heavily on open dumping and poorly managed landfills, which contribute to air, soil, and water pollution (Adewumi, 2020). These practices undermine sustainable development goals and expose residents to health risks such as respiratory infections, waterborne diseases, and vector-borne illnesses (WHO, 2022).

Globally, cities are shifting toward integrated and sustainable waste management systems that promote community participation, technological innovation, and policy enforcement (Kaza et al., 2018). The adoption of such strategies in Abuja remains uneven across districts, making it necessary to assess both the level of adoption and the effectiveness of existing waste management strategies.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Despite being Nigeria’s capital city, Abuja continues to face persistent problems related to ineffective waste management. Uncollected waste, illegal dumping, blocked drainage channels, and poorly regulated landfills are common in many districts such as Kubwa, Garki, Nyanya, and Karu (Adewumi & Olorunfemi, 2019).

The problem is not only the increasing quantity of waste but also the limited adoption of sustainable strategies such as source separation, recycling, composting, and public education. Most waste is mixed and disposed of without prior treatment, leading to resource wastage and environmental degradation (Nzeadibe & Anyadike, 2020).

Furthermore, weak institutional frameworks, inadequate funding, low public awareness, and poor enforcement of environmental laws have hindered effective waste governance in Abuja (Onibokun & Kumuyi, 2017). As a result, the city struggles to align with global best practices in sustainable waste management.

Therefore, there is a critical need to assess how sustainable waste management strategies are being adopted in selected districts of Abuja and to evaluate their effectiveness in addressing environmental and public health challenges.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to examine the adoption and assessment of sustainable waste management strategies in selected districts of Abuja.

The specific objectives are to:

Examine the types of waste management strategies currently in use in selected districts of Abuja.

Assess the level of adoption of sustainable waste management practices among residents and authorities.

Evaluate the effectiveness of existing strategies in reducing environmental and health risks.

Identify challenges affecting the implementation of sustainable waste management strategies.

Propose solutions for improving waste management sustainability in Abuja.

1.4 Research Questions

This study seeks to answer the following questions:

What waste management strategies are currently practiced in selected districts of Abuja?

To what extent are sustainable waste management strategies adopted?

How effective are these strategies in managing waste and protecting the environment?

What challenges hinder the adoption of sustainable waste management practices?

What measures can improve sustainable waste management in Abuja?

1.5 Research Hypotheses (Optional – for Quantitative Studies)

H₁: There is a significant relationship between the adoption of sustainable waste management strategies and environmental cleanliness in selected districts of Abuja.

H₂: Public awareness significantly influences the adoption of sustainable waste management practices in Abuja.

1.6 Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to policymakers, environmental agencies, urban planners, and residents of Abuja. It will provide empirical evidence on the effectiveness of current waste management strategies and guide improvements in policy formulation and implementation (UN-Habitat, 2020).

The findings will also contribute to academic literature on urban environmental management in Nigeria and serve as a reference for future research on sustainable development and waste governance.

1.7 Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The study focuses on selected districts within Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), such as Garki, Wuse, Maitama, and Kubwa. It is limited to the assessment of municipal solid waste management strategies and does not cover industrial or hazardous waste.

1.8 Operational Definition of Terms

Waste Management: The process of collecting, transporting, treating, and disposing of waste materials.

Sustainable Waste Management: Waste practices that minimize environmental harm while conserving resources.

Adoption: The extent to which individuals and institutions implement new waste management strategies.

Assessment: Systematic evaluation of the effectiveness of waste management strategies.

Districts: Administrative or residential zones within Abuja.

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