Analysis of Thermal Heat Transfer in Gas Turbine Systems Using Supercritical CO₂
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Analysis of Thermal Heat Transfer in Gas Turbine Systems Using Supercritical CO₂
Abstract
The continuous demand for efficient and sustainable power generation has led to increasing interest in the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) as a working fluid in advanced gas turbine systems. Unlike conventional air-breathing turbines, sCO₂ turbines offer significant thermodynamic advantages, including reduced compression work, compact turbomachinery design, and improved cycle efficiency. However, one of the critical challenges limiting their performance is heat transfer management under supercritical conditions, where drastic variations in thermophysical properties occur near the critical point of CO₂. This study investigates heat transfer mechanisms in gas turbines operating under sCO₂ conditions, with a particular focus on turbine blade cooling, combustor liner heat flux, and recuperative heat exchangers. A combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and thermodynamic cycle analysis is employed to evaluate heat transfer coefficients, pressure drops, and thermal stresses across different turbine components. Results indicate that sCO₂ enhances heat transfer rates due to its high density and specific heat capacity, but also introduces localized heat transfer deterioration in regions close to the pseudo-critical temperature. Mitigation strategies, including advanced cooling techniques, optimized blade channel geometry, and novel heat exchanger configurations, are proposed to address these challenges. The findings contribute to the design of next-generation sCO₂ gas turbines with higher efficiency, improved thermal management, and potential applications in power plants, concentrated solar power systems, and nuclear energy conversion.
Keywords: Heat transfer, Gas turbines, Supercritical CO₂, Thermal management, Energy systems, CFD
Table of Contents
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study
1.4 Research Questions / Hypotheses
1.5 Significance of the Study
1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study
1.7 Organization of the Study
Chapter Two: Literature Review
2.1 Concept of Gas Turbines and Their Applications
2.2 Overview of Heat Transfer in Gas Turbines
2.3 Properties of Supercritical Carbon IV Oxide (sCO₂)
2.4 Mechanisms of Heat Transfer in Supercritical Fluids
2.5 Previous Research on sCO₂ in Turbomachinery
2.6 Comparative Studies of sCO₂ vs Conventional Working Fluids
2.7 Research Gaps Identified in Literature
Chapter Three: Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Description of the Gas Turbine System Considered
3.3 Thermophysical Properties of Supercritical CO₂
3.4 Governing Heat Transfer Equations and Models
3.5 Experimental Set-up / Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Model (if applicable)
3.6 Data Collection and Sources
3.7 Data Analysis Techniques
3.8 Validity, Reliability, and Limitations
Chapter Four: Results and Discussion
4.1 Presentation of Results (Tables, Graphs, Figures)
4.2 Analysis of Heat Transfer Performance under sCO₂ Conditions
4.3 Effect of Pressure and Temperature on Heat Transfer Coefficients
4.4 Comparative Analysis with Conventional Fluids (Air, Helium, Steam)
4.5 Implications for Turbine Efficiency and Cooling Requirements
4.6 Discussion in Relation to Literature
Chapter Five: Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations
5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Contributions to Knowledge
5.4 Recommendations for Gas Turbine Design and Operation
5.5 Suggestions for Future Research
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