Assessment of Green Energy Technologies for Reliable and Sustainable Industrial Power Generation: A Review

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Assessment of Green Energy Technologies for Reliable and Sustainable Industrial Power Generation: A Review

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Access to reliable and affordable power is a critical determinant of industrial productivity and economic growth. In many developing countries, including Nigeria, industries face frequent power outages, brownouts, and high energy costs, which negatively impact production efficiency, profitability, and competitiveness (Akinwale & Adepoju, 2019). Traditionally, industrial power supply has relied on fossil fuels and centralized grid electricity. However, fossil fuel–based power systems are not only costly but also contribute significantly to environmental degradation, air pollution, and climate change (IPCC, 2022).

In contrast, renewable energy technologies (RETs)—such as solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbines, small hydroelectric systems, and biomass energy—offer more sustainable, environmentally friendly, and potentially cost-effective alternatives for industrial power generation. These technologies harness naturally replenished sources of energy, reducing dependence on non-renewable fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions (IRENA, 2023). Across the world, industries are increasingly exploring renewable energy options to improve sustainability, reduce operating costs, and enhance energy security (Bhattacharyya, 2019).

In industrial applications, renewable energy systems can be deployed in grid-connected, stand-alone, or hybrid configurations to meet varying energy demands (Kumar & Sharma, 2021). Renewables are also compatible with modern energy management systems, enabling efficient load matching and storage integration. Despite the potential benefits, the adoption of renewable energy in industrial settings faces challenges, including technical barriers, high capital costs, policy and regulatory constraints, and inadequate infrastructure (Zhang et al., 2020).

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Industrial power supply in many developing economies remains problematic. Frequent disruptions in grid electricity compel industries to rely on diesel generators and other fossil fuel sources, which are costly to operate and environmentally harmful. This situation undermines industrial performance and sustainable development. Moreover, information on how different renewable energy technologies perform in industrial applications—economically, technically, and environmentally—is fragmented and scarce.

Key problems addressed by this study include:

Unreliable grid electricity supply for industries.

Limited evaluation of renewable energy applications specific to industrial power needs.

High initial investment and lack of financing mechanisms for renewable energy projects.

Insufficient policy support and incentives for industrial renewable energy adoption.

Therefore, there is a need for a detailed review and evaluation of renewable energy technologies to determine their suitability, benefits, challenges, and strategies for improving sustainable power supply in industrial applications.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The general objective of this review is to evaluate renewable energy technologies for sustainable power supply in industrial applications.

The specific objectives are to:

Identify the major renewable energy technologies applicable to industrial power supply.

Evaluate the technical performance of renewable energy systems in industrial settings.

Assess economic benefits and cost considerations of renewable energy adoption in industries.

Examine environmental and sustainability impacts of renewable energy use in industrial power supply.

Identify barriers and opportunities for renewable energy integration in industrial applications.

1.4 Research Questions

This study seeks to answer the following questions:

What renewable energy technologies are suitable for industrial power supply?

How do renewable energy systems perform technically in industrial settings?

What are the economic implications of adopting renewable energy for industries?

What environmental benefits are associated with renewable energy integration in industries?

What challenges and opportunities affect renewable energy adoption in industrial applications?

1.5 Significance of the Study

The findings of this review are significant to a range of stakeholders:

Industrial Managers and Engineers: The review provides insights into which renewable technologies may be most suitable for industry-specific power needs, helping to inform investment decisions and energy planning.

Policymakers and Regulators: This study highlights key barriers and policy gaps, informing strategies to encourage renewable energy adoption in the industrial sector.

Researchers and Academics: The review synthesizes current knowledge, identifies research gaps, and informs future studies.

Environmental Advocates and Planners: By emphasizing environmental benefits, the study supports initiatives aimed at reducing carbon footprints and promoting sustainable development.

1.6 Scope of the Study

This study focuses on the evaluation of renewable energy technologies for sustainable power supply in industrial applications. It reviews literature on technological performance, economic viability, sustainability impacts, and adoption challenges. Key renewable technologies examined include solar PV, wind energy, biomass energy systems, and small hydroelectric power.

1.7 Operational Definitions

Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs): Systems and devices that convert renewable resources (sunlight, wind, biomass, and water flow) into usable energy.

Sustainable Power Supply: Energy provision that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs.

Industrial Applications: Energy use in manufacturing plants, factories, processing facilities, and other production-oriented entities.

Technical Performance: Efficiency, reliability, and operational effectiveness of renewable energy systems.

1.8 Summary

This chapter has introduced the key background, problems, objectives, questions, significance, and scope of the study on renewable energy technologies in industrial power supply. The next chapter will review existing literature on each major renewable energy technology and their relevance to industrial sustainability.

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