Evaluation of Groundwater Prospects in a Regolith Aquifer Using Geophysical Methods in Ikole Ekiti, Southwest Nigeria
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Evaluation of Groundwater Prospects in a Regolith Aquifer Using Geophysical Methods in Ikole Ekiti, Southwest Nigeria
1.1 General Statement
The science of geophysics applies the principles ofphysics to the study of the Earthapplicable in the delineation or mapping of subsurface features arising from local variation in the measured physical properties of specific target relative of its host. Thus, the measurements taken during geophysical investigation are influenced by the internal distribution of physical properties of underlying rocks(Kearyet al.,2002).
Geophysical investigation is the process of selecting an area of geologic interest and delineate the physical parameter of the object involved. The acquisition of data is fundamental to geophysical investigations and ‘real’ data is only acquired in the field.
Without real data no true practical conclusions can be made about a targeted causative. Geophysical investigation is found relevant in groundwater exploration, mining, engineering site investigation and environmental impact assessment.
Water,remains one of the vital elements in life and it is very much important to human existence. It is one natural resource that is not only essential for the survival of mankind but also for the survival of the natural environment. The availability of water has played a key role in the development of all civilizations. Indeed, especially in the ancient times, water scarcity prevented the development of settlements. Social welfare and economic development may also be hampered in theabsence of reliable water supplies.The rapid increase in population of the study area owing tourbanization has led to an increased pressure on underground water which is the major water resource in the area (Alabiet al., 2016).
The geoelectrical resistivity method has been successfully employed in the delineation of subsurface geological sequence, geological structures/features of interest, aquifer units, types and depth extent in almost all geological terrains (Oladapoet al., 2004; Akoet al., 2005). This is because of the significant resistivity contrasts that exist between different earth materials (Olorunfemiet al., 1993).
The Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) has proved very popular with groundwater studies due to simplicity of the technique. Using this method, depth and thickness of various subsurface layers and their water yielding capabilities can be inferred. Therefore, evaluation of groundwater potential was done in order to know the groundwater yielding capabilities or groundwater conditions of the study area. In basement complex, unweathered basement rocks contain negligible groundwater. Significant aquifers however, develop within the weathered overburden and fractured bedrock. This research is particular to know feasibility of potable water (i.e. to know the promising areas for groundwater prospects) within the study area.
However, the groundwater conditions of an area is properly understood, it could be used as an effective tool in the planning of reliable water borehole in such area (Sunmonuet al., 2012).
1.2 Description of the Study Area
1.2.1 Location and Accessibility of the Study Area
The study area is located in IkoleEkiti of EkitiState, South western, Nigeria. The study area lies within 7o45̍52.1̎N – 7o48̍54.5̎ N and 5o28̍05.3̎E– 5o33̍08.
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