EVALUATION OF HUMAN AND MATERIAL RESOURCE PROVISION AND ITS IMPACT ON TEACHING EFFECTIVENESS IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ENUGU STATE

AN EVALUATION OF HUMAN AND MATERIAL RESOURCE PROVISION AND ITS IMPACT ON TEACHING EFFECTIVENESS IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ENUGU STATE

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AN EVALUATION OF HUMAN AND MATERIAL RESOURCE PROVISION AND ITS IMPACT ON TEACHING EFFECTIVENESS IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ENUGU STATE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Education is a fundamental tool for national development, enabling individuals to acquire knowledge, skills, and values necessary for personal and societal growth (UNESCO, 2015). In Nigeria, senior secondary education serves as a critical stage bridging basic education and tertiary or vocational education, preparing students for both academic and life challenges (Federal Republic of Nigeria, 2013).

The effectiveness of teaching in senior secondary schools depends on a combination of factors, among which the availability of human and material resources is vital. Human resources refer to qualified teachers and administrative staff responsible for delivering curriculum content efficiently, while material resources encompass textbooks, libraries, laboratories, multimedia tools, and classroom facilities (Adeyemi & Adu, 2012; Okeke, 2018). The adequacy of these resources directly influences instructional quality, student engagement, and academic performance (UNICEF, 2019).

In Enugu State, disparities in school infrastructure and staffing levels exist between urban and rural areas. Some schools are well-equipped with experienced teachers and adequate learning materials, while others face shortages in both human and material resources (Nwafor & Anigbo, 2020). These discrepancies affect teaching effectiveness, classroom management, and students’ learning outcomes (Akande, 2015).

Research has demonstrated that schools with adequate teachers and learning materials tend to exhibit higher instructional effectiveness compared to poorly resourced schools (Darling-Hammond, 2017; Mohammed & Anwar, 2019). Despite government interventions such as state education reforms and capacity-building programs, many secondary schools in Enugu State still face challenges in resource provision, which may limit teaching effectiveness (Enugu State Ministry of Education, 2021).

This study, therefore, seeks to evaluate human and material resource provision and determine how these resources impact the effectiveness of teaching in senior secondary schools in Enugu State.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Although the Nigerian government has implemented several educational policies to enhance resource allocation in secondary schools, many schools in Enugu State continue to face shortages of qualified teachers, instructional materials, and functional infrastructure (Nwafor & Anigbo, 2020).

These resource limitations may compromise teaching effectiveness, leading to poor student academic performance and limited mastery of curriculum objectives. Previous studies have examined the influence of educational resources on teaching in Nigeria generally (Adeyemi & Adu, 2012; Okeke, 2018), but few have focused specifically on Enugu State. Without context-specific data, it is difficult for policymakers and school administrators to identify targeted interventions for improving teaching effectiveness.

Thus, this study seeks to bridge this gap by evaluating the availability of human and material resources and their impact on teaching effectiveness in Enugu State senior secondary schools.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

General Objective:

To evaluate the provision of human and material resources and their impact on teaching effectiveness in senior secondary schools in Enugu State.

Specific Objectives:

To assess the availability of qualified teachers in senior secondary schools in Enugu State.

To determine the adequacy of material resources for teaching in these schools.

To evaluate the effectiveness of teaching practices in senior secondary schools.

To examine the relationship between human resource provision and teaching effectiveness.

To examine the relationship between material resource provision and teaching effectiveness.

1.4 Research Questions

To what extent are qualified teachers available in senior secondary schools in Enugu State?

How adequate are the material resources in these schools?

How effective are the teaching practices in senior secondary schools in Enugu State?

What is the relationship between human resource provision and teaching effectiveness?

What is the relationship between material resource provision and teaching effectiveness?

1.5 Significance of the Study

The findings of this study will be useful in several ways:

Policy Implications: Policymakers can identify resource gaps and prioritize teacher recruitment, infrastructural development, and instructional materials allocation.

School Administration: School administrators can enhance resource management strategies and improve teaching practices.

Teachers: Teachers can understand how resource availability affects instructional delivery and adopt strategies to maximize available resources.

Academic Contribution: The study will add to scholarly literature on educational resources and teaching effectiveness, particularly in the context of Enugu State.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The study covers senior secondary schools in Enugu State, including both urban and rural settings. It focuses on human resources (teachers and administrative staff) and material resources (textbooks, laboratories, libraries, multimedia tools) and examines their influence on teaching effectiveness. Other factors influencing teaching, such as student attitudes or parental involvement, are beyond the scope of this study.

1.7 Operational Definition of Terms

Human Resources: Teachers and staff directly involved in teaching and educational administration.

Material Resources: Physical and instructional teaching materials, including textbooks, laboratories, libraries, and ICT tools.

Teaching Effectiveness: The degree to which teaching practices achieve desired student learning outcomes and engagement.

Availability: The presence, accessibility, and adequacy of human and material resources required for effective teaching.

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