INEC’s Functions in Conducting the 2025 Gubernatorial Poll in Anambra State

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INEC’s Functions in Conducting the 2025 Gubernatorial Poll in Anambra State

Abstract

The credibility of democratic governance largely depends on the integrity of electoral processes and the effectiveness of institutions responsible for conducting elections. In Nigeria, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) is constitutionally mandated to organize and supervise elections at all levels of government. This study examines the role of INEC in the conduct of the 2025 Anambra State governorship election, with a focus on its administrative, logistical, and regulatory responsibilities.

The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining survey data from voters, electoral officials, party agents, and observers with interviews and documentary analysis of INEC guidelines and election reports. Key areas examined include voter registration, deployment of electoral materials, use of technology (such as BVAS), training of ad-hoc staff, security coordination, and transparency in result collation and declaration.

Findings are expected to reveal the extent to which INEC’s preparedness, neutrality, and operational efficiency influenced the credibility of the 2025 election. The study also identifies challenges such as logistics, voter education gaps, and security concerns that affected the electoral process. The research concludes that while INEC plays a central role in ensuring free and fair elections, continuous reforms, improved funding, enhanced staff training, and stronger stakeholder collaboration are essential for strengthening electoral integrity in Anambra State and Nigeria at large.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Elections are central to democratic governance, serving as the primary mechanism through which citizens choose their leaders and hold public officials accountable. In Nigeria, the responsibility for organizing and conducting elections is vested in the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) by the 1999 Constitution (as amended) and the Electoral Act, 2022 (Federal Republic of Nigeria [FRN], 1999; INEC, 2022). As the nation’s electoral management body, INEC is expected to conduct elections that are free, fair, transparent, and credible.

The Anambra State governorship election scheduled for 2025 is particularly significant given the state’s history of competitive politics, voter activism, and prior electoral controversies. Previous elections in Anambra have been characterized by issues such as voter apathy, logistical challenges, security concerns, and allegations of electoral malpractice (Adebayo & Omotola, 2021; Obi, 2020). These challenges place enormous responsibility on INEC to demonstrate institutional capacity, neutrality, and professionalism in the electoral process.

INEC’s role encompasses voter registration, delineation of constituencies, political party regulation, voter education, deployment of electoral materials, training of ad-hoc staff, and the collation and announcement of results (INEC, 2022). In recent years, technological innovations such as the Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS) and the INEC Result Viewing Portal (IReV) have been introduced to improve transparency and reduce fraud (Ojo, 2023). The effectiveness of these reforms in the context of the 2025 Anambra governorship election is a critical issue that warrants systematic study.

This study therefore examines the role of the Independent National Electoral Commission in the conduct of the 2025 governorship election in Anambra State, with a view to assessing its preparedness, neutrality, and impact on the credibility of the electoral process.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Despite constitutional and legal provisions granting INEC independence, concerns persist regarding the credibility of elections in Nigeria. Issues such as late arrival of materials, inadequate training of electoral personnel, vote buying, security threats, and political interference continue to undermine public confidence in the electoral process (Yakubu, 2022; Omodia, 2019).

In Anambra State, previous governorship elections have been marred by voter apathy and logistical lapses, often attributed to fear of violence and mistrust in electoral institutions (Obi, 2020). With the 2025 election approaching, questions arise as to whether INEC is sufficiently prepared to address these recurring challenges. The problem therefore is whether INEC can effectively discharge its constitutional responsibilities in a manner that ensures a free, fair, and credible election in Anambra State in 2025.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The general objective of this study is to examine the role of INEC in the conduct of the 2025 governorship election in Anambra State.

The specific objectives are to:

Examine INEC’s preparations for the 2025 Anambra governorship election.

Assess the effectiveness of INEC’s voter education and registration processes in Anambra State.

Evaluate the impact of electoral technologies (e.g., BVAS, IReV) on election credibility in Anambra.

Identify challenges faced by INEC in conducting the 2025 election.

Suggest strategies for improving INEC’s performance in future elections.

1.4 Research Questions

What roles is INEC expected to perform in the 2025 Anambra governorship election?

How effective are INEC’s voter registration and education activities in Anambra State?

To what extent do electoral technologies enhance transparency in the 2025 election?

What challenges does INEC face in conducting the Anambra governorship election?

How can INEC improve the conduct of future elections in Anambra State?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is significant to INEC, policymakers, political parties, civil society organizations, and scholars. It will provide empirical insights into the performance of INEC in a high-stakes gubernatorial election. The findings will assist INEC in identifying institutional gaps and improving electoral administration. Academically, the study will contribute to the literature on electoral governance and democratic consolidation in Nigeria (Adebayo & Omotola, 2021).

1.6 Scope of the Study

The study focuses on the role of INEC in the conduct of the 2025 governorship election in Anambra State, Nigeria. It covers INEC’s activities before, during, and immediately after the election, including voter registration, election logistics, use of technology, and result collation.

1.7 Operational Definition of Terms

Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC): The constitutional body responsible for organizing and conducting elections in Nigeria (FRN, 1999).

Election: A formal decision-making process by which citizens choose their political leaders.

Governorship Election: An election conducted to choose a state governor.

Credibility: The degree to which an election is perceived as free, fair, and transparent.

Electoral Technology: Digital tools such as BVAS and IReV used to enhance election integrity.

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