Renewable Energy Technologies and Their Role in Sustainable Industrial Energy Provision: A Review

Renewable Energy Technologies and Their Role in Sustainable Industrial Energy Provision: A Review

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Renewable Energy Technologies and Their Role in Sustainable Industrial Energy Provision: A Review

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Reliable and affordable energy is a cornerstone of industrial development and economic growth. Industries require continuous and high-quality power supply to operate machinery, maintain productivity, and remain competitive. However, in many developing economies, including Nigeria, industrial power supply is constrained by inadequate grid infrastructure, frequent outages, and heavy reliance on fossil-fuel-based generators (IEA, 2022).

Globally, the transition toward renewable energy has accelerated due to concerns about climate change, energy security, and the volatility of fossil fuel prices. Renewable energy technologies—such as solar photovoltaic (PV), wind energy, biomass, small hydropower, and geothermal systems—offer sustainable alternatives capable of meeting industrial power needs with lower environmental impacts (Ellabban, Abu-Rub & Blaabjerg, 2014). These technologies are increasingly being integrated into industrial power systems through on-site generation, hybrid systems, and microgrids.

In Nigeria, industries spend a significant portion of their operating costs on self-generated electricity using diesel and petrol generators, which are not only expensive but also major sources of greenhouse gas emissions and local air pollution (Adenikinju, 2005; Oyedepo, 2012). The evaluation of renewable energy technologies for industrial use is therefore critical for achieving sustainable power supply, reducing production costs, and enhancing environmental performance.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Despite Nigeria’s vast renewable energy potential, the industrial sector continues to depend heavily on unreliable grid electricity and fossil-fuel generators. This situation leads to high energy costs, reduced competitiveness of industries, and increased environmental degradation (Sambo, Garba, Zarma & Gaji, 2010).

Although renewable energy technologies are increasingly available, their adoption in the industrial sector remains limited due to high initial investment costs, lack of technical expertise, policy inconsistencies, and limited access to financing (REN21, 2023). There is therefore a need to systematically evaluate renewable energy technologies to determine their suitability, effectiveness, and sustainability for industrial power supply.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to evaluate renewable energy technologies for sustainable industrial power supply. The specific objectives are to:

Examine major renewable energy technologies applicable to industrial power systems.
Assess the technical and economic performance of these technologies in industrial contexts.
Evaluate the environmental benefits of renewable energy technologies for industries.
Identify challenges affecting their deployment in the industrial sector.
Propose strategies for improving the adoption of renewable energy technologies for industrial use.

1.4 Research Questions

The study seeks to answer the following questions:

What renewable energy technologies are suitable for industrial power supply?
How do these technologies perform technically and economically in industrial settings?
What environmental benefits do renewable energy technologies offer to industries?
What challenges hinder their adoption in industrial power systems?
What strategies can enhance renewable energy deployment in the industrial sector?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is significant to:

Industrial managers and investors, by providing guidance on cost-effective and sustainable energy options.
Policy makers and regulators, by supporting evidence-based energy and industrial policies.
Researchers and students, by contributing to literature on renewable energy and sustainable industrial development.
Environmental stakeholders, by promoting cleaner energy practices that reduce carbon emissions (IEA, 2022; IPCC, 2021).

1.6 Scope of the Study

This study focuses on a review of renewable energy technologies applicable to industrial power supply, including solar PV, wind energy, biomass, and small hydropower systems. It emphasizes their technical characteristics, economic viability, and environmental implications for sustainable industrial development.

1.7 Operational Definition of Terms

Renewable Energy Technologies: Systems and equipment used to convert renewable resources (sun, wind, water, biomass) into usable energy.
Industrial Power Supply: Electricity used in manufacturing and production processes.
Sustainability: The ability to meet present energy needs without compromising future generations (Brundtland Commission, 1987).
Evaluation: Systematic assessment of the performance, benefits, and limitations of technologies.

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